Pore structure changes of blended cement pastes containing fly ash, rice husk ash, and palm oil fuel ash caused by carbonation

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of carbonation on pore structure of blended pozzolan cement pastes were investigated. Ordinary Portland cement _OPC_ was partially replaced with ground palm oil fuel ash _POA_, ground rice husk ash _RHA_ and classified fine fly ash _FA_. The strength, total porosity, specific surface area, and pore size distribution were tested. In general, incorporation of pozzolans increased the total porosity of blended cement pastes in comparison to that of OPC paste. Carbonation of pastes under 5% CO2 and 50% relative humidity _RH_ for 28 days resulted in filling of the pore voids and possible attack on calcium silicate hydrate _CSH_ depending on the type of pozzolan used. After carbonation, total porosity decreased and specific surface areas of the blended pozzolan cement pastes reduced indicating the infilling of voids. Pore size distributions of POA and RHA pastes were different to those of FA pastes. Large pores of the POA and RHA pastes were increased indicating coarsening of pores owing to possible attack on CSH. It is possible that POA and RHA were highly reactive and hence their uses resulting in severe carbonation compared to use of FA.